The Warehouse Designing Challenge Essay Example for Free

The Warehouse Designing Challenge Essay Warehousing is a critical node in the network of logistics management. Warehousing primarily involves the activities centered on receiving and dispatching materials and supplies coming into and going out of the organization. Other materials such as work-in-progress, consumables and others are also held and managed by the warehouse. Current developments in lean manufacture, just-in-time and other similar inventory reduction approaches have continued to depress inventories and may in deed change the focal point of where the place in which the inventory is held, more likely pushing it back up the chain of supply. In fact, the emphasis has now shifted for warehousing, and now it focuses on; facilitating smooth flow of goods to the clients, meeting the service standards requirement of clients, incorporation of activities such as postponement, which is a value adding activity as away of reducing stock keeping units (SKUs) and the number of product lines in a system as well as raising the dynamism in meeting customer needs (Rushton, Oxley and Phil, 2000). Being a critical and busy part of an organization, there are some issues to do with warehousing that an organization needs to take care of lest the operations of the warehouse malfunction and consequently disrupting the entire supply chain, which normally has a ripple effect on the entire operation of the organization. These issues concern the actual design and management of the general day to day operations of a warehouse. The problem and challenges for the design a resource optimizing warehouse still is a complex task to logistics designers. The strategic issues concerning the design of warehouses are discussed in this paper. Designing a warehouse; Warehouses, distribution centers and stores have to operate as integral component elements within the supply chain. Hence, when setting up these facilities, the key decisions must be determined by overall logistics strategies for cost and service. The following factors have to be considered in setting up the facilities; Product and Market base stability; Long-term projections of how the product range may develop together with long-term market expectations for growth will very much influence on the location and size of a warehouse facility, including the space that should be set aside for potential future expansion. The considerations made in this stage will extend to impact on the organisations perceived needs for flexibility in future, which consequently can influence on the level of technology to be adopted and the type of warehouse to be built. Type of goods to be handled by the warehouse; The goods that an warehouse can handle include finished goods , raw materials spare parts, and work-in-progress in a span of material sizes, types, productive lives and other characteristics that may be set by an organization. The range of units to be handled could be from individual small items to packages, sacks, palletized loads and on up to containers of ISO certification. Special requirement s for humidity and temperature mould most likely have to be met, and all these requirements will have absolute impact on the level of technology to be adopted. Location, type of facility and its size; the specific role of a warehouse in a supply chain together with capacity, the role and location of any other facilities in the in the chain will directly determine or at least influence the size and design capacity as well as the type of operation of a warehouse. The need for inventory reduction, customer base, amount of inventory , overall service level and time compressions in the supply chain should be critically looked into in making decisions concerning location, type and size of a warehouse to be built. Whether the warehouse should be operated by the organization as an own-account or outsourced to a third party to run it is yet another consideration that should be made. Inventory and its location; there rises a question within the supply chain of not only in what locations to hold goods but also what goods and in what quantities to hold (Donald, Waters, 2003). The options that could be available could include distribution centers designed to cater for specific parts of the product range or specific markets, specific geographic areas, or regional centers for distribution of fast moving product lines, and a strategy of holding slower moving lines in the national distribution centers only. Customer base, service levels and product range are the factors that will influence the choice. Choice of unit load; the choice of loads-roll or cage pallets, tot bins, pallets-will have significant weight in determination of the characteristics as well as the nature of the goods passing along a supply chain. This clearly encompasses a wide range of products, pack types and services, and unit quantities (Rushton, et al, 2000). ). This may look like as a routine factor that is less subject to strategic influences and more to operational influences. Within the warehouse however, it can influence the sizing and choice of storage systems as well as handling equipments. Further, in a wider context, it will affect vehicle loading and unloading as well as vehicle utilization and eventually the entire transport operations (Ross, 2004). Warehouse Design Procedure; The basic principle of good warehouse design is to first of all define the overall requirements of the system and by carefully analyzing data, come up with a design that incorporates equipments and methods which most closely match those requirements. However, a n overriding prerequisite exists which is, for whatever level of technology or deign that is adopted for a particular project, a fast, accurate and effective information system to monitor and drive the operations is an end result. The following steps make up the design process; i). Definition of system requirement and design constraints; the design requirements for distribution depot operation or a warehouse after taking into considerations such as likely business developments and potential forecasts for future growth, are likely to constitute; desired service level to be achieved, required throughput and storage capacities, specified facilities such as quality , packaging and others. the constraints in this stage could include but not limited to; time, for instance the facility could be set a date by which it is to be running; financial limits such as limit on cost per unit throughput or capital expenditure, among others. ii). Define, obtain, and analyze data; specifications for the most appropriate location and type of warehouse to be built can be obtained from various sources, for example through conducting a research based on the company’s size, structure and the nature of business it engages in, fairly reliable information can be adduced from the data collected and from this a n effective design of a warehouse developed. A firm can also decide to outsource the warehouse designing professionals who are more likely to develop for it the most resources optimizing warehouse than any other person. Iii). Establish what unit loads that will be used; this will be a decision concerning the appropriate unit loads that are to be adopted, and include stillages, Skid sheets, pallets, tote boxes, roll cage pallets, and garment rails. The choice of unit loads to be handled directly influences the ability t utilizes space efficiently and the choice of equipment. The customers may impose the dispatch unit loads with suppliers imposing the unit loads their material supplies arrive at client’s premises as well. The warehouse designer should therefore put these factors into consideration when designing the most appropriate for the processes to be carried out. Benefits of unit loads include movement minimization, standardization of equipments, material security, as well as minimizing the time it takes to load and unload vehicles. Wooden pallet is the most common unit load (Ross, 2004). iv). Postulate primary methods and operations; the primary processes that will take place in a warehouse, must be established together with how they will be performed. The communication and information requirement should also be determined. Considerations of which systems, paper or paperless, will be used also need to be emphasized, with the kind of warehouse management system in mind. v). Calculate staffing levels; this requirement for operating staff is closely related to the requirements for mobile equipment, and in majority of cases will fallout of the calculations. The staffing costs should enable full costing of the warehouse to be made. vi). Prepare possible sites and building layouts; this encompasses all the component of warehouse processes both inside and outside the building. After this stage comes the final stage whereby the design of the warehouse is turned into a physical facility. Management of Warehouse and information; The broad responsibilities of managing distribution center or warehouse include good control, effective planning, as well as optimum resource use in the drive to achieve the objectives of the operation. The aims of an effective operation includes; meeting the service level requirements; operation that is cost effective; use of resources in an effective and efficient manner, safe operation, meeting the requirements for safety and in work environment; and maintaining the integrity of stock (Rushton, et al, 2000). The operating cost for any individual component in a warehouse mainly depends on the nature of the industry and the nature of the particular warehouse’s operations among other factors. The dominant costs have though been found to be staff and building costs. Two key factors that managers and designers should put more emphasis on are the utilization for building space and proper design and management of systems for picking orders. Conclusion; The adoption of computer based information systems in the management of material supplies, such as just-in-time approach, which have enabled up-to-the–minute information on stock location and availability to be accurately provided, have in a big way challenged the need to have warehouses and holding stock. Even with the deep integration of logistics and production planning, together with accurate techniques for forecasting demand, there will always be a level of mismatch between demand an d supply optimization in many if not all supply chains. Hence warehouses cannot be eliminated from the supply chain. For this reason, the management of warehouses should be done using the highest level of management techniques in all areas of operations. The fist step is to design a warehouse that will effectively optimize the use of available space in the most economic manner possible. Such an initiative will keep the supply chain flowing and hence make an organization to avoid or reduce the operation losses that come with clogging or stalling of supply chains, whose consequences are usually severe. References Donald, C. , Waters J. , Waters, D. (2003). Global logistics and distribution planning: strategies for management (4th ed. ). London: Kogan Page Publishers Ross, D. (2004). Distribution: planning and control : managing in the era of supply chain management (2nd ed. ). MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Rushton, A. , Oxley, J. , Phil, C. (2000). The handbook of logistics and distribution management. VA: Kogan Page Publishers.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Essay -- Disease, Disorders

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common childhood cancer accounting for around 20-30% of all childhood neoplasms. Annual incidence rates vary worldwide between one and four cases per 100,000, primarily in children ages two - six years old (1). The disease is less common in adults, with only around 1,000 cases being diagnosed annually and with a significantly lower cure rate, rarely exceeding 40%. In turn, infants diagnosed under the age of one have an even poorer survival rate of 30%. Several studies in monozygotic twins and neonatal blood smears have indicated a clear prenatal origin for childhood cases, detecting specific genetic abnormalities in prenatal samples, which may act as initiating events although clearly further postnatal events are required for transformation (2; 3; 4). TEL-AML fusion genes, for example, were found in 1% of newborn samples, which is significantly greater than the number of ALL cases, clearly demonstrating that there may often be a prenatal ori gin for initial genetic aberrations and that further genetic alterations are necessary to develop ALL (3; 4). A small study further supports a prenatal origin in a pair of monozygotic twins with childhood B cell precursor (BCP) ALL with identical cytogenetic abnormalities, signifying a prenatal foundation, as well various contrasting genetic lesions illustrating that further genetic events are required to generate a malignant phenotype (2). A few inherited syndromes such as Down’s syndrome, Bloom’s syndrome and other genetic syndromes have also been associated with a risk. Environmental factors may also play a role in the development of ALL such as exposure to radiation, chemotherapy and possibly infections. Two infection based theories based on observ... ...entical twins. Maia, AT, et al. 2202-2206, s.l. : Nature Leukemia, 2003, Vol. 17. 3. Chromosome translocations and covert leukemic clones are generated during normal fetal development. Mori, Hiroshi, Colman, Susan and al, et. 12, s.l. : PNAS, 2002, Vol. 99. 8242-8247. 4. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Pui, Ching-Hon, Robison, Leslie and Look, A Thomas. 1030-43, s.l. : Lancet, 2008, Vol. 371. 5. Infections and immune factors in cancer: the role of epidemiology. Kinlen, Leo. 6341-6348, s.l. : Nature Oncogene, 2004, Vol. 23. 6. Kanwar, Vikramjit S. Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Medscape Reference. [Online] November 21, 2011. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/990113-overview. 7. Targeting paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: novel therapies currently in development. Lee-Sherick, Alisa B, et al. 2010, British Journal of Haematology, pp. 295-311.

The Basic Principles of Reganomics

The election of the Regan-Bush Republican ticket of 1984 brought many unprecedented and controversial policies to the US economy. Many of these policies,including Reganomics still affect our economy as a whole and are still major points of debates today. Reganomics was not solely based on economics, but rather the included a sense of having moral foundations. Government intervention and regulation of the economy were seen as economically harmful and furthermore morally wrong. It was believed that economic affairs should be left to the wisdom of God and his guidance would produce a The moral obligation together with extreme Kenseyan theories were the guide to the basic principles of Reganomics. Their objective was to follow a laissez faire attitude,or a hands off government policy. They also wanted to rely on the wisdom of the of the market, meaning that the market is smart enough to take care of and troubleshoot itself,and they tried to use a policy of deregulation which would allow companies to make their own economic decisions with out the government limiting their choices. The administration was also weary of anti-trust laws which did not allow for monopolies in The â€Å"deregulation of businesses† mentality was simple and encompassed two major points. The points were to lower taxes and allow businesses to make their own decisions without fear of government intervention. Their idea was that if you lowered taxes in general, business would have more money to produce more, to more they would hire more workers, and consequently due to the surplus of money, their would be more spending, investing, and saving. This proves that individuals would gain along with the business. Ronald Regan said, â€Å"Lower takes would spur business to invest, and send Americans rushing to stores to spend† (Regan). In the short run deregulation produced greater competition and lower prices for consumers. The long term effects were that the savings and loan industry collapsed due to fraud and mis-management. Regan knew that deregulation could possibly have adverse effects if there was no degree of regulation at all, so preventative measures were set in place. One such preventative measure was the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (O. I. R. A) which insured that deregulation dhered to cost benefit principles to the maximum extent possible. â€Å"If government is the problem, not the solution, you do not solve problems by applying a bigger problem to them† (Regan). Another notion behind Reganomics was the Laffer Curve, which conveyed the idea that tax cuts would increase tax revenue. The Laffer Curve is based on the ideology that government should provide a climate in which the incentives for individuals to pursue their own economic progress wouldn†t be hindered by governmental taxing, spending, regulations, and/or monetary policies. It is also based on supply side economics. Supply side economics was an economic policy designed to stimulate output and lower unemployment by increasing production in the economy. It allowed the free market to play a greater role in the economy while the government took on a lesser role. â€Å"If government is the problem, not the solution, you do not solve problems by applying a bigger problem to them† (Regan). The Regan administration believed tax and spend policies led to a weak economy. Accordingly, they passed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86) which reduced individual income tax liabilities and raised corporate income tax liabilities. They also passed ERTS. ERTA gave a 25% cut in individual marginal tax rates over a three year period. It set an indexing of individual brackets, personal exemptions, and standard reductions; it reduced all individual taxpayers taxes, and gave percentage reductions for lower and middle class incomes exceeding those given for the rich. Bill Clinton said, â€Å"For 12 years the driving dea behind American economic policy has been cutting takes on the richest individuals and corporations†¦ â€Å". This is true, with the exception of ERTA, all the tax changes during the eight years of Reagan†s administration were unmistakably pro-business and When Reagan cut the taxes for wealthy individuals and business† he believed that it would contribute to a stronger base economy, in turn the benefits of a strong base economy would â€Å"trickle down† to reach everyone, even the poorest Americans. Ronald Reagan said, â€Å"Lower taxes would spur business to invest, and send Americans rushing to stores to spend† (Regan). The Reagan Administration believed lower taxes were beneficiary in this manor and high tax rates only further darkened the lines on how our society was typecast, rather than break down those barriers. Furthermore high tax rates inhibited social mobility into the upper class. â€Å"The real losers from soak the rich tax are not the rich, but the would be rich. † This is true because there would be no trickle down Major elements in the initial Regan policies were spending slow downs aimed at eliminating budget deficits in 1984 and producing budget surpluses thereafter. As well it was aimed to slow down the growth of federal outlays and change their composition. However the initial policies of the Reagan administration coupled with stock market changes were so bold and dramatic that it caused the 1981 – 1982 recession. After be in a state of recession, things did get better. Within 18 months of Reagans term, poverty began to decrease. The U. S also experienced an unprecedented export boom in the 1980†³s which turned out to be the longest economic boom in U. S history. Along with this came 20 million new jobs and it was the first time the electorate ad an intensely satisfied voting majority. † Reagan was the only U. S. president since WWII to reduce both inflation and unemployment while expanding the total number of jobs for all Americans† (Dunn) However when this great prosperity was acquired in such a short period of time, people got nervous and began to make false accusations against the Reagan administration which were called myths. Myths were created by economists that either did not look at all the statistics or made assumptions before they had all of the statistics. Some of the myths that came from these economists were that Reaganomics caused Americans to divest and de-industrialize. There were also presumptions that every dollar of taxes that were cut would lose a dollar of revenue. They also offered that record deficits were caused by the reduction in marginal tax rates. There is no basis for insisting that tax policy developments were responsible for the budget deficits of the Reagan years. (Ture 35) Some myths created even went so far as to say that the deficits were deliberate in order to reduce social spending while increasing defense spending. In fact the contrary is true. Transfer payment spending for social services rose 19. 7%, from $344. 3 billion to $412 billion, on programs that provided income, food, healthcare, housing, education and training, and social services to poor families. (Ture 39) This is proving that social programs were not hurt under Reagan. Economists also gave the impression that Reagan policies favored the rich at the expense of the poor and that the rich only paid a larger shave of taxes because they had a larger share of income. This is not entirely true. Even though the rich may not have seemed to have paid more taxes they actually did buy investing in more taxable securities and fewer tax exempt securities. This produced more tax revenue. Rather than being a tax and spend economy, the Reagan administration lended itself to a borrow and spend economy that produced many deficits. What was the cause of these enormous debts? Many factors added to the accumulation of the debts. Buying and thus building up the U. S. dollar to an artificiallyhigh level made U. S exports more expensive, U. S imports cheaper and it added to the rade deficit and the foreign debt. This was also known as â€Å"Mexicanization† of the economy. (Galbraith 3) Large budget deficits from the loss of tax revenue, was brought about by the loss of real output during the 1981 – 1982 recession, and unanticipated disinflation. That fiscal year (after adjusting for inflation, tax collections did not increase) brought high interest rates which attracted foreign money. This pushed up the dollar and caused the trade deficit. The deficit was also caused by large defense and The Reagan administration had little responsibility for the budget deficits. The bills for spending that the Reagan administration originally proposed were altered by congress. The deficit was therefore caused by congress† permitted spending excess and not excess tax cuts. It seems that through supply-side economics savings didn†t increase but allowed for a huge growing debt that nearly tripled during Reagans administration. On the good side of things, deficit spending helped to stimulate demand and trigger economic recovery. It also stimulated a growth of employment in non-investment grade firms by 17. 3 million which was due to junk bonds. (Zycher,43) On the down side, the U. S is presently the worlds largest debtor. Public and Private debts carrying over from the past decade weigh heavily on the government,business†, household†s and financial institutions† well being. Reganomics could have been greatly successful if government spending would have been checked. â€Å"If government had borrowed in order to fund public capital, rather than military spending and tax breaks for the wealthy, the debt burden would be greatly reduced† (Sawicki). Looking back now we can truly understanding the full effects of Reganomics on our economy.

Canadas Health Care System Essay - 4027 Words

Canada’s health care system â€Å"can be described as a publicly-funded, privately-provided, universal, comprehensive, affordable, single-payer, provincially administered national health care system† (Bernard, 1992, p.103). Health care in Canada is provincial responsibility, with the Canada Health act being a federal legislation (Bernard, 1992, p. 102). Federal budget cuts, has caused various problems within Medicare such as increased waiting times and lack of new technology. Another problem with Medicare is that The Canada Heath Act does not cover expenditures for prescriptions drugs. All these issue has caused individuals to suggest making Medicare privatized. Although, Canada’s health care system consists of shortcomings, our universal†¦show more content†¦At the end this plan did not carry out because the Premiers received half of what was suggested and the territorial leaders did not sign the agreement. The territorial leaders felt that Ottawa was b eing inflexible and that â€Å"the north would be receiving the same amount of money per capita as the rest of the country, despite the much higher costs of delivering health care in Canadas most remote regions† (CBC News Online, 2006). In addition, the deal had no accountability strings attached (Doctors of Medicare, 2009). Furthermore, during the 2004 election, the Liberals indicted the Conservatives of wanting to turn Medicare into a two-tiered system (CBC News Online, 2006). After the election, Prime Minister Martin assembled the first minister’s conference on health care. The federal government and provinces` `agreed to a $41-billion infusion into the system over 10 years† (CBC News Online, 2006). The agreement included â€Å" $3.5 billion over two years in additional transfers to the provinces and territories, an escalator clause that automatically boosts transfers by six per cent a year to keep up with rising health costs, $4.5 billion over six years for Show MoreRelatedFrance And Canadas Health Care Systems1775 Words   |  8 PagesFRANCE AND CANADA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS 1 France and Canada’s Health Care Systems: A comparative Analysis of France and Canada’s healthcare systems Ileke Redemption Iyeteku 5994383 Ottawa University FRANCE AND CANADA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS 2 This paper will compare France’s health care system with Canada’s health care system. When compared to other countries around the world, France was ranked number one in overall health system performance (World Health OrganizationRead MoreSimilarities Between France and Canada’s Health Care System846 Words   |  3 PagesMany would agree that a worthy, controlled health system, above all, should essentially contribute to good health. The responsibility of a health care system is that the organization of people, institutions, and resources deliver the health care services required and meet the health needs of focus populations. Another duty that the health care systems stimulate is the reduction of inequality to race, gender, social status and religion. Each health care system is different when looking at specific countriesRead MoreCanadas Health Care System1855 Words   |  8 PagesCanada’s health care system is one that formed in the 1950s and 60s, also known as Medicare. It is a system that Canada as a nation takes pride in, as it is predominantly public and has basic health care is available to all citizens, incorporating some aspe cts of the private system as well. Health care often occurs in terms that compare public versus private health care systems. After a thorough analysis of private health care associated with neo-conservatism, and public health care associated withRead MoreThe Challenges Of Canadas Health Care System1845 Words   |  8 PagesThere are 196 countries with healthcare systems across the world†¦ Canada’s healthcare system is ranked 30th overall. Most critics keep health care related debates to the small scope of Canada and the USA. However, neither the USA nor Canada’s systems are ranked in the top 25 for overall efficiency (The Patient Factor). In order for Canada’s healthcare system to improve, there must be changes made in regards to major problems; financial aspects, timely access, and the doctor shortages. â€Å"Evidence showsRead MoreCanadas Current Health Care System1800 Words   |  8 Pagesfunctioning society using sound cultural care research-based da ta in practice† (p. 494). Although the movement towards transcultural nursing care began in the 1960s when Leininger visited Canada to promote the study of transcultural nursing, it is still a work in progress as there are not a great number of nurses prepared by formal education to promote and develop transcultural nursing care (Leininger McFarland, 2014). Canada’s current health care system is â€Å"publicly financed, but privately run†Read MoreOntario s Health : Briefing Note1538 Words   |  7 Pages Ontario s Health: Briefing Note Alysha Savji Ryerson University Health Policy MN8910 Dr. Karen Spalding October 8, 2015 Ontario s Health: Briefing Note Health care expenditure accounted for an estimated 11% (214.9 billion) of Canada’s GDP in 2014 (CIHI, 2014). Canada boasts a universal, cost-effective and fair health care system to its citizens (Picard, 2010). However, despite great claims and large expenses incurred Canada’s health care system has been reported inefficient in it’sRead MoreCanada Case Study763 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding immigration. G7 Ise-Shima Vision for Global Health focused on pertinent global health issues including: †¢ Reinforcing the Global Health Architecture to strengthen responses to public health emergencies †¢ Attaining UHC with strong health systems and better preparedness for public health emergencies †¢ Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) 4. National Agenda, Regional and International Mandates a. Health Agenda for the Americas As a signatory of the Health Agenda for the Americas in 2007, Canada supportsRead MoreCanadian Healthy Policy vs. United States Health Policy1996 Words   |  8 PagesHealthy Policy vs. United States Health Policy AHS 330 Health Care Systems: 7Q April 2, 2014 Healthcare in the United States is extremely different from the rest of the world. Over the years government and political analysts have compared and contrasted the health care systems of the United States to that of Canada’s. Despite being located on the same continent both countries have different ways of delivering health care to its citizens. Canada has a single-payer system that is publicly funded, whileRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe HIV/AIDS epidemic poses a major concern for global health. There are approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide (WHO, 2017). Due to the increased phenomenon of global migration and movement we see a proportion of individuals who are HIV positive migrating. In Canada alone, over 300,000 new immigrants were welcomed into the country in 2016 (CIC; Globe And Mail, 2016). As a result we can infer that certain proportion out of all immigration applicants into Canada were HIV positiveRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System1306 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare system is currently ranked in the top 11 OECD countries making the Canadian healthcare system one of the best in the world, although like all perfect systems, there are always uncovered flaws within. When examining certain attributes and traits within the system, such as accessibility and the general quality of healthcare performance is considered to be low ranking amongst international practices, thus improvements are needed. More importantly, the Canadian health care system contains many

Situational Leadership Is The Second Model That May Fit...

Situational leadership is the second model that may fit with poverty in mind. This style of leadership involves having different levels of leadership based on where that employee or student is at. Blanchard (1982) suggests that leadership is always in a fluid state. This state does not allow for a â€Å"one size fits all† approach to leadership. Wu, Tsui, Kinicki (2010) concur that this approach looks at every situation in a vacuum and no situation is identical. They carry on Blanchard’s belief that individualized leadership examines the individuals’ strength and use those skills to fit the tasks that fit that individual. There are four components to Blanchard’s beliefs. They are directing, coaching, supporting and delegating. The first tenet, directing, deals with a student or employee that has a low skill level or is unwilling to do the task at hand. This style is used when the stakes are high or the person being directed is too timid to try. T his method is successful when the leader maintains with this style until actions are completed. The second belief, coaching is when followers have a high belief in following but little ability. Blanchard (1982) writes that coaching is similar to directing in establishing roles and responsibilities. Coaching is different in the fact that the leader seeks out feedback and suggestions. This becomes a give and take situation. Leaders that use coaching; listens, advises and helps build the skill level of the follower. TheShow MoreRelatedDr. Ruby Payne And Eric Jenson s Research2400 Words   |  10 PagesEducational Leadership is a highly researched topic. Researchers studying leadership are constantly challenging how to meet the needs of our teachers and workers. Current research, however, leaves out a significant group of followers. That group is students, especially students in poverty. Ruby Payne’s and Eric Jenson’s research speaks on how to reach out to these students. There is a gap in the research when applying these principles to administrative leadership. Principals or campus instructionalRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader?3137 Words   |  13 Pages Abstract Efficient leadership helps our nation through times of danger. It helps a business organization to be successful. The effective leadership of parents enables children to grow strong and healthy and be successful. The absence of leadership is equally dramatic. Think, without leadership, organizations move slowly, stagnate and lose their way. Leaderless organization is like an army without generals. We distinguish the importance of leadership when we vote for our political leaders. WeRead MoreLeadership and Mentoring Essay3403 Words   |  14 PagesContents 1: Introduction to Leadership and Mentoring 2: definition of leaders and Mentors 3: Exemplary models 4: Roles and Values 5: Standard Ethics 6: Case study 7: Conclusion 8: References I: Introduction Leadership and mentoring has generally been mistaken to be the same thing however during the course of this assignment I aim to prove otherwise that although leaders and mentors may share some similar traits they have different definitions and perform different functions. ThereRead MoreHow Technology Affects Consumer Behaviour?14761 Words   |  60 Pagesorganizations and individuals. Among most important models the author would like to emphasize Technology Acceptance Model, Motivation Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Innovation Diffusion Theory etc. Davis Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) predicts information technology acceptance and usage. In this model the user’s behavioral intention to use a technology is affected by their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the technology. This model was originally developed for studying technologyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesfirst of these is clearly dishonest. You are, in effect, stealing other peoples work and passing it off as your own. In doing so you are claiming credit for something that it not your own. It may be that the agency that is funding the work is being defrauded by paying for something that is not original: it may be that the publisher is unknowingly put into the position of assisting you to infringe another persons copyright. Some people defend self-plagiarism on the grounds that the work is their ownRead MoreLee Kuan Yew - Singapore Prime Minister6837 Words   |  28 Pageswas the first-born and he was a boy, important to the Chinese for perpetuating the family name. He gave his grandfather such great pride that the old man declared that the child should be educated to become the equal of any Englishman, that is, the model of perfection. The name chosen for him, Kuan Yew, means the light that shines far and wide. FAMILY He is married to Kwa Geok Choo, a similarly brilliant mind who was a Queens Scholar and the first Malayan woman to achieve a First Class HonorsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designationsRead MoreUnderstanding the People Who Work at and Patronize Build-a-Bear Workshop8790 Words   |  36 Pagespositive outcomes like higher job performance, greater life satisfaction, and higher e ducational and occupational attainment. Still, researchers have argued that GMA may unintentionally elicit jealousy and even hostility in one’s coworkers, and that because people high in GMA may overestimate the threat they pose to others, they may treat others in a condescending way. Personality has been found to play a role in the relationships between people with high GMA and others. The take-away for highlyRead MoreComparative Public Administration11510 Words   |  47 Pagesconceptual approaches in Comparative Public Administration. I 521 INTRODUCTION Dear student, comparisons of administfativesystems has had a long traditibn. But a focus on this aspect of administrative studies is about forty years old. Only ttfter the Second World War and with the emergence of new nations in Asia and Africa, a vigorous interest in compar*ve studies of Public Administration has evolved. Comparative Public Administration, in simple terms, refers to a comparative study of government administrativeRead MoreThe Marketing Of The Retail Industry8210 Words   |  33 Pagesunemployment, consumers are frugal with their spending (Farfan, 2014). Enticing a consumer to spend the money they possess, using sales and promotions draw those consumers into stores if retailers focus on the products desired by the frugal consumer. Situational analysis Stacy’s Helping Hand, conceived in 2013, provides the elderly and disabled an entirely different shopping experience with a retail store design and layout, built with them in mind. The business also gives different services never realized

The Master Of The Macabre By Edgar Allan Poe - 2816 Words

Edgar Allan Poe, often described as the Master of the Macabre was a short story writer, novelist, poet, critic, and essayist (â€Å"Edgar† Vol. 1, 374). He is also credited for being the architect of the modern short story and the father of the detective story (â€Å"Edgar† Vol. 1, 374). His writing can sometimes be gruesome, but he also wrote comedies. Critics and readers alike love Poe’s work, even during his lifetime, unlike some artists whose work only receive recognition posthumously. As popular as they were, his work did not provide him with steady income, and he struggled financially for most of his life. Poe’s life was a bit of an emotional rollercoaster, as is his writing. His work alternates between the themes of love to mysterious and premature deaths and sometimes outright odious ones to comedies, sometimes. He lost his biological mother when he was still a toddler and his foster mother in his late adolescent years. He then moved with his aunt, Mrs. Clemm, and her young daughter, Virginia Clemm, with whom he later became romantically involved (â€Å"Edgar† Vol. 1, 374). Virginia, like the previous women he held close to his heart, died years later leaving him devastated. The short stories â€Å"Ligeia,† â€Å"Eleonora,† and â€Å"The Oval Portrait† all give critics and readers a glimpse into the dark wonderful thoughts, and emotions ranging from infatuated love to heart gripping periods of deep depression induced by constant loss, of one of America’s greatest authors, Edgar Allan Poe.Show MoreRelatedLiterary Techniques : Edgar Allan Poe And Richard Connell1598 Words   |  7 PagesMacabre; a word meaning disturbing and horrifying through the depiction of death or injury, is not the easiest word for a writer to portray. However, while it may not be easy to show through words, it isn’t impossible. There are two main ways an author can give an overall feeling of macabre; literary st yle and technique. Only the most skilled authors have successfully used various literary elements, like suspense and foreshadowing, to create ageless stories and earn a position in the history of literatureRead More Edgar Allan Poe and His Works Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: Edgar Allan Poe was one of the most influential, yet misunderstood writers in American Literature. I. His Early Life A. His Adoption B. His Education II. His Later Life A. Books Published B. Military Life III. The Conclusion of His Life A. His Marriage B. His Death IV. His Works V. What Others Thought Of Him Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short story form, especially tales of the mysteriousRead MoreLittle Ball of Fur: The Black Cat Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born January 19, 1809. Many consider him to be the master of mystery and horror. He only lived until he was forty, and during that time he endured a lot of hardships. For one, every woman he ever cared for ended up dead, usually by the dreaded tuberculosis. That included his wife Virginia. The men in his life who were supposed to be there to guide him, well, they were not there. I think that helped him write a lot of his dark and macabre stories. His most famous workRead MorePoe Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809 to Actors David and Elizabeth Arnold Poe. David and Eliza had three children together, William Henry, Edgar and a sister named Rosalie Poe (Hutc hisson, 5). Edgar Allan’s parents died when he was young and he was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, even though they never formally adopted him. His other two brothers went on to live with other family members. John Allan was a very successful merchant, whichRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson Compare and Contrast Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson, Compare and Contrast Emily Elizabeth Dickinson and Edgar Allan Poe are two of the biggest poets in American Literature from the 1800s. They had many things in common from their writings about death and sadness, because of their unfortunate losses in life, to the fact that they were both born in Massachusetts. They were also different in many ways. They were different in the way they looked at life and wrote about their experiences from it. While it is obviousRead MoreThe Death Of Edgar Allan Poe877 Words   |  4 PagesThe boundaries which divide Life from Death are at best shadowy and vague. Who shall say where the one ends, and where the other begins? ~Edgar Allan Poe Throughout the history of our nation, few events have captivated the attention of its people quite like the death of literary legend, Edgar Allan Poe. His death contains a certain element of mystery and macabre that would seem most befitting of one of his own stories. But while people to this day still clamor to understand how the beloved authorRead MoreThe Autobiographical Elements in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe Autobiographical Elements in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe There is no exquisite beauty without some strangeness in the proportions (Biography on Poe 8). Edgar Alan Poe endured a very difficult life and this is evident in his literary style. He was once titled the master of the macabre. One of the aspects in his life with which he struggled was social isolation. He used this as a topic in a number of poems and short stories. Poes life was also filled with periods of fear and irrationalityRead MoreThe Life Of 19Th Century American Poet Edgar Allan Poe1670 Words   |  7 Pagescentury American poet Edgar Allan Poe is one that the world of literary works and poetry will never cease to remember. Poe crafted several famous works of poetry during the American Romantic Movement, such as â€Å"The Raven†, a poem that helped gain him much fame after his death. Several poets have existed throughout time, but few became as well-known as Poe. The stories, conspiracies, and questions that lie behind his life are those of extreme popularity. Unlike many other great poets, Poe had a life of bothRead More Edgar Allan Poes Writing Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pagesworks. In the gothic times, dark, threatening, horrific, morbid, depressing, bizarre, bewildering, death and insane are just some words that best describe the popular type of literature at that time. One man’s name can summarize these words, Edgar Allan Poe. He is considered to be one of the greatest obscure American authors/poets whom many literary scholars still try to make heads or tails of. People throughout the history often wondered why Poe’s writings are so fantastically diverse and unusualRead MoreEssay on Gothic Theme in Poes The Fall of the House of Usher831 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe, renowned as the foremost master of the short-story form of writing, chiefly tales of the mysterious and macabre, has established his short stories as leading proponents of â€Å"Gothic† literature. Although the term â€Å"Gothic† originally referred only to literature set in the Gothic (or medieval) period, its meaning has since been extended to include a particular style of writing. In order for literature to be â€Å"Gothic,† it must fulfill

Marketing Mix of Apple

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Mix of Apple. Answer: Introduction Apple Inc. is a multinational technological giant headquartered in California, USA. The company sells consumer electronics, software and online services. The most popular products of the organization are iPhones, iPad, iPod and Mac personal computers. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne and initiated its operations in 1976 with the sales of the personal computers (Rawlinson, 2016). It is one of the largest technological company and second largest mobile phone manufacturer (Dent, 2015). It has a strong brand loyalty and considered as the most popular brand by the world. One of the most popular products of the company, iPhone was launched in 2007 by Steve Jobs as a combination of Smartphone and iPod. It has become immensely popular and each new model of the company is awaited by the loyal customers in anticipation. The marketing strategies adopted by the company also contribute to the popularity of the device. It promotes the devices with several methods which creates eagerness in the mind of the customers. The marketing mix is the basic concept of marketing and refers to the operational part of the marketing plan. It contains controllable marketing tools which a business organization can manipulate to create response from the target market (Richter, 2012). In this regard, in this report, the marketing mix of Apple Inc. in the Australian market is discussed. The report focuses on the marketing mix of the company for the iPhone 6, a popular product. Along with it, the report discusses the contemporary issues in the business environment that can affect the firms marketing strategies. Subsequently, several recommendations are made so that the company can improve its marketing mix. Marketing Mix of the Apple iPhone The marketing mix of a company indicates how the firm adapts itself to the changing marketing conditions and the competition. A business organization addresses the market conditions and the competition by manipulating the variables of marketing mix. Traditionally, the marketing mix encompasses four variables (product, price, place and promotion) which are now extended to eight variables, namely, product, price, promotion, distribution, partnerships, people, processes and physical evidence (Crane, 2012). In the below section, the marketing mix of the iPhone is examined. Product: Apple Inc. offers an exclusive product with distinguished qualities in the form of iPhone 6. The most enchanting feature of the product is its Apple ios operating system. The competing operating systems such as Windows and android were launched after ios operating system; therefore, the customers were attracted towards it due to its capabilities and fast processing speed (V3, 2014). Durng the launch of iPhone 6, the company never tries to copy other brands but compete with itself and launch other features. Itunes and the Apple store are other attractive features of the product. It creates premium products and follows the product development intensive growth strategy. In this strategy, the company constantly strives to create innovative and technologically-advanced products (Cornell, 2014). Price: The Company follows the skimming pricing strategy. It focuses on the premium customers who are willing to pay high prices for the products. In comparison to the competitors, the prices of the Apple iPhone 6 are high (Kidman, 2016). It does not believe in competition with other companies in terms of pricing and use price as an aspiration for the customers and do not determine it according to the utility of the products. This pricing strategy assists the company in maintaining the luxurious brand image for itself. Moreover, as per this marketing strategy, the market share of the company encompasses a specific target customer base composed of middle and upper class. However, it does not impact on the profitability of the company as higher prices increases the relative profitability (Neilson, 2014). Promotion: Apple Inc. follows a detailed and focused promotional strategy. With the launch of new products, it launches mega annual events wherein the media and the management are invited. It creates a big promotion for the products (Farfan, 2016). They also focus on establishing good relations with the media so that the news regarding the new product launches are published in the leading newspapers and the magazines. In the above the line promotional strategies, the company uses mass media such as television, radio, and newspapers. The iPhones are also promoted with below the line marketing with hoardings and point of sale advertising in the retail outlets of the company (Eadicicco, 2014). Distribution: Apple Inc. has presence in major cities in Australia. As it targets only the premium customers, the store of the company are opened only in the large cities of the country. Moreover, these stores are found at the busiest locations and prime shopping malls in alignment with the brand image of the company. It has also implemented corporate tie-ups wherein the top management and the CEOs of the company are given the smartphones of Apple Inc. It also channels its product through a number of e-commerce websites such as Flipkart, Snapdeal and Amazon (Farfan, 2016). Partnerships: The partnership refers to the major partners or the government agencies, their collaboration and management. The corporate resellers are the major partner of Apple Inc. They implement the advanced technical solutions offered by Apple Inc. in their companys operations. It includes the use of iPhone 6 (Apple, 2017). In addition to it, the company has also collaborated with Deloitte to increase the enterprise sales of the product (Reuters, 2016). People: One of the core strengths of the company is its talented workforce. The company recruits the best talent in the industry which is responsible for the constant innovation and technically advanced products. In order to attract the best people, the company selects the people with excellent education, academic performance and work experience. It also provides attractive remuneration packages to retain the talent within the organization (Lev-ram, 2014). Processes: Apple has a systematic method for all of its operational processes. It has numerous factories in the world and a robust supply chain. It outsources manufacturing process and the raw materials from the low-labor cost countries and sells them all across the world. It increases the efficiency and the productivity of the system (Supply Chain, 2013). Physical evidence: The physical evidence refers to the service of the company and where it is delivered. There are several factors that affect the physical evidence, such as ambience, service personnel or the corporate brand. It can be evaluate that Apple Inc. extends qualitative experience to its customers. The stores of the company are designed to provide a unique experience to the customers, inspired by the simplicity theme of the organization. Contemporary Issues for the Business Organization In the present business scenario, several contemporary issues have emerged. A business organization has to address these issues to become successful. At present, the government has become stricter regarding the environment degradation and the role of the corporates in it. As a result, the companies are adopting practices to reduce the environmental impact of their operations. Supplier Responsibility and Labor Rights Although Apple has become an iconic brand in the field of mobile technology, it suffers from the human rights and the labor law issues in its supply chain. A large number of the companys suppliers are from China wherein several challenges exist in terms of ethical and safe working conditions (Triple Pundit, 2015). The company is combating this issue by creating sustainable facilities and empowering workers. Another challenge for the company is usage of the raw materials which can cause potential harm to the environment and degrading it. In China, the enormous workplace pressure has resulted in employee suicides and degradation of health. Additionally, the supply chain materials have also lead to the incidents of workplace poisoning and metal contamination (Watts, 2011). Globalization Due to globalization, the competition among the smartphones manufacturers has increased. Several companies have emerged in the smartphone market which are proving good and at par features to the customers at a very cheap cost. Moreover, these companies are also entering the markets predominated by Apple Inc. and snatching away its market share. Moreover, there are several challenges and significant risks in the international operations of the company. While trading in different countries, the companies have to take into regard the laws and the taxation of that country. Without adequate knowledge of the laws, the companies may be subject to fine and penalties. Moreover, while operating in a different country, a company also has to take regard to the differences in the culture and values. Some differences are stark clear whereas few differences are subtle but can create a huge dent to the firms business (Thompson, 2017). The smartphone manufacturers also find difficulties in working in different countries. The privacy and the taxation laws in China are entirely different from other countries. Therefore, many companies struggle to create profitable business here (Jeschke, 2012). Social Media Interactions Today, social media is considered as a significant tool inn marketing and connecting with the customers due to its wide outreach and consumer engagement. However, there are significant challenges in the social media marketing strategy to increase its effectiveness. The foremost challenge is establishing an authentic connection with the consumers. Connecting with the consumers will result in building a humane and authentic brand. Another challenge for the companies is to engage the people through the communication. The companies also have to be prompt in responding the consumers and considerate of the feedback of the customers. It is important that the business organization should implement a strategy to enhance the customer satisfaction in the purchase process. In the present, the consumers provide feedback and their experience with the company on their social media websites. It is important that the companies provide a good consumer experience so that it increases the word of mouth publicity of the company rather than increasing criticism (Fekel, 2017). Recommendations to Improve Marketing Mix of the Organization Product: Apple Inc. should focus on improving the operating software for all the current version of the iPhone 6. Along with it, the company should also increase the hardware rigidity and the glass screen (Crane, 2012). Price The company follows the premium pricing strategy to distinguish itself from other brands. It should follow the same strategy to maintain its brand image. However, Apple can also strategize to release a cheaper version of phone from its sister company Nokia to tap the price sensitive market share (Ferrell et al., 2014). Promotion: The company can enhance its promotional strategy by using social media and blogs to connect with the customers. In the above discussion, it has been identified that the social media is a crucial tool in the promotional strategy. The companies can use social media to connect with them. It is also beneficial in identifying the response of the consumer towards a specific product and the current social trends (Ferdinand Kitchin, 2016). Distribution: The company follows an appropriate distribution strategy. However, it can enhance its distribution strategy by directly selling its products through online mediums. It will eliminate the middle man and the gross profit of the company will enhance. It also has appropriate distribution channels which transfers the raw material in the supply chain (Ferdinand Kitchin, 2016). Partnership The company can focus on developing long-term partnerships with its suppliers and distributors. It will increase the operational performance of the organization and increases its profitability (Ferdinand Kitchin, 2016). People At present, Apple Inc. tries to recruit the best talent in the industry through attractive remuneration packages. Since it is a technological company, it can also recruit the fresh graduates from the several world-class programming competitions (Ferdinand Kitchin, 2016). Process In its supply chain, the company should implement supplier code of conduct for all of its suppliers so that the internationally recognized standards can be created. Moreover, the company should focus on increasing the transparency of the supply chain (Reic, 2016). Physical Evidence Apple has invested in creating a unique ambience and infrastructure for the company. It can enhance the humane experience by giving training to the front desk executives to increase the customer satisfaction in the dealings (Chaffey Smith, 2013). Conclusion Apple Inc. is a leading business organization in the technological and smartphone industry. The iPhone manufactured by the organization have immense popularity and large fan following. It has developed a specific market share for itself by offering a distinguished product. The iTunes and the operating system of the smartphones are unique features of the product. The company follows a premium pricing strategy wherein the affluent and rich customers are targeted. It does not determine the price upon the product utility but to create a desire in the minds of the customers. It also follows a specific distribution strategy wherein it opens its stores in the shopping malls and busy locations. There are several contemporary issues in the marketing mix of the organization such as social media interaction, labor laws, globalization and the supply chain issues. A business organization has to create its marketing strategy by focusing on these contemporary issues. It is important that a firm det ermines and uplift the standard of all the workers and enhance the transparency in the supply chain. It will also augment the brand image of the organization and establish the culture of ethical practices. It can also focus on creating long-term relationships with its clients and suppliers to enhance trust and operational efficiency among them. In its distribution strategy, the company should also initiate to directly sell the products to the consumers through online mediums. It will increase the operational efficiency and profitability for the organization. References Apple. (2017). What can a business partner offer? Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.apple.com/lae/buy/corporateresellers/ Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. (2013). Emarketing Excellence: Planning and Optimizing Your Digital Marketing. London: Routledge. Cornell, S. (2014). What Are the Advantages of Using an iPhone? Chron. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-using-iphone-69061.html Crane, F.G. (2012). Marketing for Entrepreneurs. SAGE. Crane, F.G. (2012). Marketing for Entrepreneurs: Concepts and Applications for New Ventures. SAGE Publications. Dent, S. (2015). Huawei passes Microsoft as third-largest mobile phone maker. Engadget. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.engadget.com/2015/07/31/huawei-microsoft-smartphone-sales/ Eadicicco, L. (2014). Apple Plans To Boost IPhone Sales With A Big Promotion That Will Entice You To Upgrade. Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/apple-iphone-promotion-2014-5 Farfan, B. (2016). When Does Apple Use Promotional Pricing? The Balance. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.thebalance.com/apple-deals-promotions-2891801 Ferdinand, N., Kitchin, P.J. (2016). Events Management: An International Approach. SAGE. Ferrell, O.C. et al. (2014). Marketing Principles PDF. Cengage Learning Australia. Flekel, A. (2017). 5 Reasons Why Social Media Marketing Is Important. Yahoo. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://smallbusiness.yahoo.com/advisor/5-reasons-why-social-media-marketing-important-172938196.html Jeschke, C. (2012). Apples China Challenge. Social Media Club. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.socialmediaclub.at/2012/02/apples-china-challenge.html Kidman, A. (2016). Apple's iPhone 7 pricing strategy is really Weird. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.smh.com.au/technology/mobiles/apples-iphone-7-pricing-strategy-is-really-weird-20160908-grbjcg.html Lev-ram, M. (2014). Apple unveils new perks to attract talent. Fortune. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://fortune.com/2014/10/02/apple-employee-perks/ Neilson, S. (2014). Apples premium pricing strategy and product differentiation. Market Realist. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://marketrealist.com/2014/02/apples-premium-pricing-strategy-product-differentiation/ Rawlinson, N. (2016). History of Apple, 1976-2016: The story of Steve Jobs and the company he founded. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.macworld.co.uk/feature/apple/history-of-apple-steve-jobs-what-happened-mac-computer-3606104/ Reic, I. (2016). Events Marketing Management: A consumer perspective. London: Routledge. Reuters. (2016). Apple Deepens Enterprise Push With Deloitte Partnership. Fortune. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://fortune.com/2016/09/28/apple-enterprise-deloitte-partnership/ Richter, T. (2012). International Marketing Mix Management: Theoretical Framework, Contingency Factors and Empirical Findings from World-Markets. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. Supply Chain. (2013). Is Apples Supply Chain Really the No. 1? A Case Study. Supply Chain 247. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.supplychain247.com/article/is_apples_supply_chain_really_the_no._1_a_case_study Thompson, V. (2017). What Issues Arise When Doing Business Globally? Small Business Chron. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/issues-arise-doing-business-globally-56877.html Triple Pundit. (2015). Apple Talks Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.triplepundit.com/2015/05/apple-talks-corporate-social-responsibility/ V3. (2014). Top 10 Apple iPhone benefits over Android devices. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2335075/top-10-apple-iphone-benefits-over-android-devices Watts, J. (2011). Apple Secretive about Polluting and Poisoning Supply Chain say Report. The Guardian. Retrieved 31 January 2017 from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jan/20/apple-pollution-supply-chain